Umbo anatomy • The umbo is the portion of the shell that formed when the oyster was a veliger larva. 16) joins the valves at the hinge on which they turn in opening or closing the shell. Umbo is placed at center of fovea's foveola and the foveola is located at center of its fovea. When you feel ready, proceed to the self-quiz. Growth ring Northern hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria Rising above the hinge line on each valve is a swelling called the umbo, the oldest part of the shell. The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), which transfer the vibrations of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear. Jan 22, 2025 · Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Pine Cone Scale Anatomy - practice test, so you can be ready for test day. The short process roughly demarcates the boundary between the two regions of the tympanic membrane: the pars flaccida , lying superior and posterior, and the far larger pars tensa , lying anterior and Clam Anatomy Exercise . It is streched by the tympanic ring and its circumference is thickened, and forms a fibrocartilaginous ring which is fixed in the tympanic sulcus at the inner end of the meatus. It is the point at which the tympanic membrane is most medially displaced. Vnt l lVentral or lower 6. Anatomically the macula (macula lutea or central retina) is defined as that portion of the posterior retina that contains xanthophyll and two or more layers of ganglion Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Clam External Anatomy, Clam Internal Anatomy, Squid External Anatomy and more. 1 EXTERNAL EAR: PINNA AND EAR CANAL. This review will provide an overview of the anatomy of the temporal bone, common pathologic conditions, and the more common surgical approaches. Once the umbo is reached, cut the remaining fibrous layer of the TM using a micro-scissor. The tense part of the tympanic membrane has the shape of a shallow cone: it's drawn inwards by its attachment to the handle of the malleus, which we can just see here. growth rings. D. Lettering scheme taken from Jerger, J. Shell Anatomy 1. A band of horny and elastic material, the ligament (fig. A bright cone of light is seen in the anteroinferior quadrant. Superior to the umbo is a stripe - malleolar stria. 1. varices) - axial sculptural element that is more prominent than a costa, and usually more widely Jun 23, 2017 · 1. The macula is an oval-shaped area near the center of the retina. The eardrum (tympanic membrane) is the circular surface that dominates the image. 8 mm below the horizontal meridian. Hinges •Ligament holds valves together •Interlocking teeth prevent valves from side slipping when opening and closing 5. Anatomy of the external ear. Jan 26, 2001 · A bivalve is characterized by possessing two shells secreted by a mantle that extends in a sheet on either side of the body. [1] Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Umbo, Foot, Growth lines and more. Mussel Anatomy Lesson Plan. Pars Flaccida. top of page. Jul 30, 2024 · Gross anatomy. It is on the anterior end of the shell near the hinge. Definition . One can see concentric growth lines around the umbo. It begins with the mouth, located at the base of the gills, where filtered food particles are ingested. It is the impression made by the malleus handle. Constantinescu, Oskar Schaller - Enke In conifers where the cone develops over more than one year (such as pines), the first year's growth of a seed scale on the cone, showing up as a protuberance at the end of the two-year-old scale, is called an umbo, while the second year's growth is called the apophysis. In many bivalves the hinge carries a series of interlocking teeth, but these structures are absent in the family Ostreidae. But a little bit of anatomical know-how is essential for smooth shucking and discerning slurping. Muitas vezes eles estão inclinados para a frente (prosogiro), frequentemente voltados para trás (opistogiro) [ 1 ] ou na vertical (ortogiro). A basic overview of the anatomy of the normal ear. One of the ossicles, called the malleus, attaches to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane. Pars tensa is the larger portion of the tympanic membrane that remains stretched to a maximum. It is a thin, semitransparent membrane, nearly oval in form, somewhat broader above than below, and directed very obliquely downward and inward so as to form an angle of about fifty-five degrees with the floor of the meatus. leiophylla Jan 15, 2016 · Publicationdate 2016-01-15. Jan 3, 2016 · Anatomy of ear - Download as a PDF or view online for free. The umbo is the bump on the top of the shell. The oldest part of the shell, the umbo, can be recognized as a large hump on the anterior end of the dorsal side of each shell. The tympanic membrane’s conical shape results in a light reflex from the umbo (most inferior portion of the malleus) projecting anteroinferiorly. Shell Anatomy of the zebra mussel The Umbo of the Zebra Mussel, is the genesis growing point of its shells, which produces the growth rings visible on the the exterior portion of the shell. umbo. adductor muscle 3. Note that the manubrium faces anteriorly. Record on the sheet provided. 55 mm) at the foveal margin and minimal thickness (0. To close its shells, the mussel uses two special muscles called the posterior adductor (closest to the excurrent siphon) and the anterior adductor (closest to the mouth). Umbo (pl. Identify:- Fibrous layer of tympanic membrane- Anterior superior annulus- Malleus short process, manubrium and umbo- Chorda tympani anterior to the malleus; 5. A small depression in the center of the foveola is called the umbo, where the retina is only 0. The superficial surface is supplied by the great auricular nerve and lesser occipital nerve, both of which are branches of the cervical plexus (C2 & C3), and the auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve, which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) Oyster Anatomy Laboratory Internal Anatomy: Observation and Investigation Materials For Lab: Oyster knife; Sturdy gloves; Dissecting kit; Artificial saltwater (10-15ppt) Computer access; Per Lab Group: Live oysters; Shallow glass or plastic dishes (min 2” depth) Probes; Forceps; Computer access; Internal Anatomy Handout (1 per student Review the Anatomy of the Tympanic Membrane *image courtesy of ePROM1 Try to identify the marked anatomical structures and areas below. The malleus receives sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane and transfers those to the incus. Superior to the handle, the lateral process projects laterally as a slight cone at the root of the handle. The auricle is composed of musculocutaneous tissue and elastic Elastic Connective Tissue: Histology cartilage Cartilage Cartilage is a type of connective tissue derived from embryonic mesenchyme that is responsible for structural support, resilience, and the smoothness of physical actions. Jul 27, 2023 · The lower part of the malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane at the umbo, and is a strong connection. This is the oldest part of the clam shell. The two shells are joined at the dorsal end by a region called the ligament. Together they form a short chain that crosses the middle ear and transmits vibrations caused by sound waves from the eardrum membrane to the liquid of the inner ear. Outside of the clam shell (use live clam): Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology 15th Edition the bundled muscle farthest away from the umbo; the one closest to the anus. Inside the shell, the animal has a simple head without eyes or radula (the rasping, ribbon-like tongue used for feeding in other mollusc groups). It represents the most concave point of the membrane and is essential for focusing sound vibrations onto the ossicles. The normal TM may not have a light reflex if the light is at an angle as in the right ear. May 22, 2016 · A small depression in the center of the foveola is called the umbo, where the retina is only 0. Hold the cursor over a letter to display the answer. It consists of three layers (from external to internal): outer epithelial layer: stratified squamous epithelium continuous with the skin of the external auditory canal 4 umbo, the bump at the anterior end of the valve. Explore the wonders of biology. Ant. These components enable the oyster to securely attach to substrates and open and close its shell for feeding and respiration. Use a sickle or a round knife to incise the EAC skin superiorly, slightly anterior to the short process of the malleus. Dorsal or upper 5. A cone of light can be seen emanating downward and anteriorly from the umbo, or point of contact between the membrane and the tip of the malleus. Features of medial surface of tympanic membrane. Umbo 8 The Tympanic Membrane (membrana tympani) separates the tympanic cavity from the bottom of the external acoustic meatus. The malleus provides two—the lateral process and the long arm (manubrium). It is convex towards middle ear. Where siphons sit 7. A 0. The digestive system is a vital component in the anatomy of an oyster. . Adductor Muscles. References 'Illustrated Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature' - 3rd revised edition - Gheorghe M. Jan 11, 2018 · Identify the malleus with its short process, manubrium, and umbo, the annulus of tympanic membrane and the pars flaccida, or shrapnel membrane. 5 mm in diameter in most patients. If the siphons are not visible, determine which is the ventral side by using the umbo. The external ear can be divided functionally and structurally into two parts; the auricle (or pinna), and the external acoustic meatus – which ends at the tympanic membrane. It lies above the malleolar folds attached directly to the petrous bone at the notch of Rivinus . Nov 15, 2021 · Figure 1. OBS: First-formed part of the bivalve shell. The fovea contains the highest concentration of cone cells Mussel Anatomy Lesson Plan Objective: Students will identify the names and functions of the parts of a mussel, including the shell, mantle, gills, digestive system, circulatory system, nervous system, adductor muscles, siphons, umbo, and foot by examining a mussel and a model or labeled anatomical chart of a mussel. The first is the umbo which is the first year's growth and distal most portion of the the two year old cone's scales. hinge ligament. The handle of the malleus (Fig 3), the most identifiable mark on the tym-panic membrane, lies between the fibrous and mucosal layer of the pars tensa and is attached both at the umbo and the lateral process. Now position the whole flap on the anterior wall of the EAC to allow free access to the TC. 5. It consists of three layers (from external to internal): outer epithelial layer: stratified squamous epithelium continuous with the skin of the external auditory canal 4 An umbo is the centermost point of the tympanic membrane, or eardrum. One of the classes this past quarter was on educational programming. It is made up of 200 million neurons, but is only about 0. The manubrium of the malleus is firmly attached to the medial surface of the membrane as far as its center, which it draws toward the tympanic cavity; the lateral surface of the membrane is thus concave, and the most depressed part of this concavity is named the umbo of tympanic membrane. This part can be identified by the protuberance located on the thickest hump called the umbo . Incus. 4 Innervation of the auricle. The head is oval in shape, and articulates posteriorly with the incus by a small facet joint. 13 mm thick. Understanding the complex anatomy and pathologic condition affecting the temporal bone is critical to establishing a differential diagnosis and management plan. It has an inner, concave surface and an outer, convex surface. She would like your help in identifying the primary ear anatomy. . Teeth along ventral margin •Prevent valves from sliding when closes 6. The facet for articulation with the incus is saddle-shaped, constricted near the middle, and consists of an upper larger and Oct 30, 2023 · The handle of the malleus then extends from the umbo towards the one o’clock position, where it becomes the lateral process of the malleus. This foveal pit is almost devoid of all layers of the retina beneath the cone photoreceptors. Jan 21, 2025 · The umbo is a key anatomical feature of the tympanic membrane, marking the point where the malleus connects to the eardrum and forms the most concave part of the membrane. By drawing in the membrane, the handle of the malleus creates a belly button-like structure called the umbo. Varix (pl. Outside of the clam shell (use live clam): Chapter by: Warren D. We know the pictured TM is on the left because the manubrium is pointing leftwards. This is a healthy and normal ear. Fascicles have 2-6 needles, stomata are more or less equally distributed on all surfaces, resin ducts are variable; sheath is persistent except in P. It consists of three layers (from external to internal): outer epithelial layer: stratified squamous epithelium continuous with the skin of the external auditory canal 4 The seed scale has two parts. Access easy-to-understand explanations and practical examples on key biology topics, from cells to ecosystems. Jan 21, 2025 · Umbo: The umbo is the central depression of the tympanic membrane where the tip of the manubrium of the malleus attaches. The end of the manubrium is shaped like a spatula, and helps form the center of the eardrum, called the umbo. Jul 2, 2023 · Anatomy Structure . Objective: Students will identify the names and functions of the parts of a mussel, including the shell, mantle, gills, digestive system, circulatory system, nervous system, adductor muscles, siphons, umbo, and foot by examining a mussel and a model or labeled anatomical chart of a mussel. Dec 25, 2001 · Cone scales have a dorsal, mucronate umbo; scales have a sealing band adjacent to the apophysis where the scales meet on the closed cone. The deepest point at the center of the concavity is called the umbo. The foot , Jan 5, 2023 · Right and left valves. , Clinical experience with impedance audiometry. The light from the otoscope is reflected from the umbo in the five o’clock direction and is described as the cone of light. 7 kHz, the umbo velocity transfer function has a magnitude proportional to frequency and an angle between 45 and 90°; in the 1–2 kHz range, the transfer functions have a nearly constant magnitude and Jul 4, 2017 · The anatomic foveola, often referred to clinically as the fovea, measures approximately 0. Allmon (Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York) and Paula M. 2 It is located at the posterior pole of the globe, 4 mm temporal to the optic disc & about 0. Name of the location of 90% of epistaxis 2. 2020. Bivalvia. Learn at your own pace with bite-sized, verified content. Clam Dissection Introduction The phylum Mollusca includes snails, clams, chitons, slugs, limpets, octopi, and squid. OBS:First-formedpartofthebivalveshell. In the standing ear, the concave surface forms a conchal cavity that is directed rostrally or laterally, while the convex surface faces medially or caudally. an ovoid to round heavy cone 6 to 10 inches in diameter; umbo with stout dorsal claw Large, heavy, armed terminal umbo, Sharply keeled sclaes that look like elf shoes. The handle of the malleus extends superiorly from the umbo. The actual fovea is about 1. The incus is located between the malleus and the stapes as a connection between these two The Digestive System in Oysters Digestive Components and Their Functions. Below is a detailed description of its structure, location, and relationship with surrounding anatomical features. 15 mm across (Figure 2B). Pars Tensa. Note: Typically, the right valve of an oyster will be shorter and less concave than the left valve. Therefore, the lateral surface of the tympanic the umbo (plural, umbos or umbones) or beak. Jan 3, 2016 Download as PPTX, PDF 245 likes 132,345 views AI-enhanced In human anatomy, the pars flaccida of tympanic membrane or Shrapnell's membrane (also known as Rivinus' ligament) is the small, triangular, flaccid portion of the tympanic membrane, or eardrum. In this review we present the normal axial and coronal anatomy of the temporal bone by scrolling through the images. Glossary: Familiarize yourself with terms like umbo, adductor muscles, and siphons. umbones)-projectedportionofthehinge. This is a true lateral view of it. Its function is to transmit changes in pressure of sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and thence to the oval window in the Jun 22, 2024 · The external anatomy, comprising the left and right valves, hinge ligament, and umbo, provides essential protection and structural support. 35 mm in diameter. However, since the size and shape of an oyster can be influenced by its environment The first shows a Douglas-fir cone shows off its sterile bracts, which are found below the ovuliferous scales and stick out quite far in this species. It has grown with the tympanic membrane. Mikkelsen. With the umbo of the TM being its most depressed point, the membrane receives a conical shape with a slight outward convex curvature between annulus and manubrium. centre of the membrane, called the umbo (Fig 3). These rings are slightly visible in the picture of the Zebra Mussel below: general anatomy of bivalves Glossary 27 internal lateral view after removal Umbo (pl. It leans toward the anterior end. Mollusks also have a radula or file-like organ for… The manubrium is loosely adherent to the pars tensa, and ends distally in the umbo of the TM. The glossary in an anatomical study guide is your best friend here, helping to demystify complex terms. Oyster Anatomy We're here for dinner, not dissection, so we're gonna keep this high level. which hinges the valves together and observe the . As a final project, we had to create a program and present it to the class. The malleus resembles a… Jul 31, 2024 · Gross anatomy. Thehinge consists of the The siphons are at the posterior end. adductor muscle •Hold valves shut 4. The eardrum vibrates from sound waves. 13 mm) at the umbo. Submit Search. 2 millimeters thick. The umbo in many of the yellow pines (Diploxylon) has a sharp spike ("prickle"). The membrane is concave toward the ear canal. Turn the calm with its dorsal side down and insert a screwdriver between the ventral edges of the valves. Arch Otolaryngol,… Aug 16, 2020 · This article will focus on the anatomy of the external ear – its structure, neurovascular supply and clinical correlations. Jun 10, 2018 · First imaginary line passes through the handle of malleus and the second passes through the tip of handle (at umbo) at right angles to the first line. The vibration of the ear drum has to be transferred to the inner ear to produce electrical signals that The shorter of the two valves is the right valve. Find the . The pinna is the most prominent portion of the external ear (). Umbo (bivalve), part of a bivalve shell which was formed when the animal was a juvenile; Umbo (conifer cone), the first year's growth of a seed scale on a conifer cone, showing up as a protuberance at the end of the two-year-old scale; Umbo (mycology), at the top of some mushrooms Aug 4, 2022 · A medical student obtained this image using the Wispr digital otoscope. See examples of UMBO used in a sentence. The tympanic membrane faces downwards and forwards. It is the first of the three ossicles, and attached to the eardrum (tympanic membrane). Provided by Clam Checklist: Identify the following structures/locations. [2] Apr 11, 2024 · A keen understanding of mussel anatomy is essential for identification and study. The malleus is a bone situated in the middle ear. Large woody cones (6 to 10 inches long), egg-shaped when open; cone scales very long, thick, sharply keeled, and tipped with a large, thick spine that may be straight or curved; remain on tree for many Nov 21, 2023 · Other parts of the external anatomy include: Umbo: Also referred to as the beak. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material. The middle ear is the portion of the ear medial to the eardrum, and distal to the oval window of the cochlea (of the inner ear). Oysters have two shells - a cupped shell (aka left or bottom shell) and a flat shell (aka right or top shell). As the membrane is slightly con-cave, shining a light on it during otoscopy Apr 1, 2021 · FoveaCentralis (Latin: fovea means small pit or depression) is 1. 5 mm in diameter and the central fovea consists of a foveal pit (umbo) that is a mere 0. Location. When the exterior of a bivalve shell is oriented with its hinge and umbo (and beak) upward and its commissure (valve-opening margin) downward, and the umbo (and beak) farther away from you (dorsal-anterior side of the shell), the right valve is on your right side, and the left valve is on the left side. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 1st Edition In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. The deepest point at the centre of the concavity is called the umbo. Pi liPosterior or tail 4. Post. The auricle has several sources of sensory innervation:. Nov 19, 2024 · Outer Ear Anatomy Auricle. The malleus has a head, neck, and three distinct processes (manubrium (handle), anterior and lateral processes). The manubrium of the malleus, the outermost bone of the middle ear, is attached to the umbo, and its medial pull creates the cone shape of the eardrum. The trocophore is a ciliated, free-swimming stage. When the tympanic membrane is illuminated under the light (otoscope), the concavity of the membrane produces a cone of light radiating from the umbo over the inferior quadrant of the membrane. The fovea is fully developed only at the age of 4 years. Each student will receive the following materials: fresh clam (in shell), shucked clam, calipers, tray, dissecting tools, clam diagrams . Mikkelsen (Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois). It lies within the CFZ, which measures approximately 0. The shell shape will Umbo definition: . The head of the malleus is obscured, hidden out of view in the epitympanic space of the middle ear. Use lines provided for additional notes Outside structures/locations Umbo (location): Shell originates from here, oldest section of the shell The umbo (Latin: shield boss) is the most depressed part of the TM. Jul 5, 2023 · This attachment draws the tympanic membrane medially from the center forming a concavity called the umbo of the tympanic membrane. Mar 9, 2019 · Anatomic Subdivisions The retina is a delicate transparent tissue of maximal thickness (approximately 0. The part of the mussel responsible for creating its shell is called the mantle . The clam’s foot is used to dig down into the sand, and a pair of long siphon s that extrude from the clam’s mantle out the side of the shell reach up to the water above (only the exit points for the siphons are shown). If the adductor muscles are relaxed, the shell is pulled open by ligaments located on each side of the umbo. Focus on the parts of a mussel, such as the shell, mantle, gills, and foot. The head of the malleus is the large protruding section, which attaches to the incus. Jul 31, 2024 · Gross anatomy. umbones) - projected portion of the hinge. May 8, 2023 · The tympanic membrane (eardrum, myringa) is a thin, semitransparent, oval membrane, approximately 1 cm in diameter, that separates the external acoustic meatus from the tympanic cavity. Bivalves have a right valve and left valve. The center of the foveola is sometimes referred to as the umbo, a small (150-200μm) center of the floor of the foveola; features elongated cones. identify umbo Sep 3, 2021 · The macular region of eye is made up of the umbo, foveola, fovea, parafoveal and perifoveal. Apr 29, 2011 · The authors also describe a complex behavior similar to previously published measurements of umbo velocity in live ears: at frequencies below 0. [ 2 ] Sep 27, 2024 · serves as the umbo of the region’s so-called Silicon Shield ( biology ) A boss , or rounded elevation , or a corresponding depression , in a palate , disk , or membrane . Anterior or head 3. Left valve or shell 2. If you take a look through an otoscope, you will notice the tympanic membrane is concave externally, with the center of the concavity called the umbo. Identify: - Fibrous layer of tympanic membrane - Anterior superior annulus - Malleus short process, manubrium and umbo - Chorda tympani anterior to the malleus. Life Cycle In close proximity to the hinge is the umbo commonly known as the "beak" The umbo is the oldest section of the shell with Jan 11, 2018 · Once the umbo is reached, cut the remaining fibrous layer of the TM using a micro-scissor. The anatomy of the foveola was recently reinvestigated. As mollusks develop from a fertilized egg to an adult, most pass through a larval stage called the trocophore. Objective: Students will observe the inside and outside of a clam. [1][2] It is positioned at the lateral end of the external acoustic meatus and it is tilted medially from posteriorly to anteriorly and superiorly to inferiorly. Pars flaccida is the smaller of the tympanic membrane that remains less taut. Oct 30, 2023 · The point of maximum convexity of the membrane is known as the umbo which is created by the attachment of the malleus to the center of the membrane. It also serves as the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity, separating it from the external auditory canal. In: The Digital Encyclopedia of Anatomy . Mar 12, 2025 · Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function shells (2) hinged dorsally, oval shape except for a later prominence called the umbo. The retina is a light-sensitive layer that lines the back of the eye. Clam Anatomy Exercise . M. The tympanic membrane is shaped like a flat cone pointing into the middle ear. Umbo (“beak”) • Oldest part of the shell 7. This chapter was first publicly shared on October 30, 2020; it was last updated on February 14, 2022. This is the oldest portion of the shell. In the second image, a seed cone from a Jeffrey pine does not have visible bracts but it does showcase a pointy umbo (B) at the tip of the ovuliferous scale (A). tympanic membrane, thin layer of tissue in the human ear that receives sound vibrations from the outer air and transmits them to the auditory ossicles, which are tiny bones in the tympanic (middle-ear) cavity. This is an updated version of the 2007 article. If you cannot see the siphon now, remember to look closely at it after you open the Nov 3, 2023 · The attachment of the lower end and the handle of the malleus on the medial side of the tympanic membrane create the concavity on the lateral side that is called the umbo of the tympanic membrane. 5mm in diameter. Notice that the siphon is actually made of two siphons. The umbo is the observed point corresponding to the normal light reflex but not solely responsible for this light reflex. The umbo of the tympanic membrane is situated at the tip of the manubrium of the malleus, which is fused with the tympanic membrane. , and P. Dec 12, 2015 · I am currently taking classes in a museum studies program. Surgical anatomy of the Ear and Temporal Bone By Bruce Stanford Libraries' official online search tool for books, media, journals, databases, government documents and more. External Clam Shell Anatomy 1. The second part of the seed scale grows in the second year (after fertilization) of the seed scale and is called the Nov 16, 2013 · Applied anatomy: Umbo is in danger of perforation: Since, the arterial supply reaches from periphery towards the center, it has poor blood supply and in danger of perforation in inflammatory diseases of middle ear when arteries at periphery are thrombosed. ( anatomy ) An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear . Anatomy of ear. There are two leaf vascular bundles per needle. Its longest diameter is downward and forward, and The center of the pars flaccida is drawn inward and is called the umbo. The greater part of the tympanic membrane is the pars tensa. Other articles where malleus is discussed: ear bone: These are the malleus, or hammer, the incus, or anvil, and the stapes, or stirrup. Chapter citation: Allmon, W. Umbo This is the region of the tympanic membrane at The umbo membranae tympani is the apex of the tympanic membrane, projecting into the tympanic cavity caused by the distal end of the handle of malleus. Notice how the umbo end of the longer valve, the left valve, extends beyond the umbo end of the right valve. 5-mm-wide ring zone where the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer of Henle are the thickest is called the parafoveal area. They will O umbo é o vértice; a parte mais antiga das valvas de um molusco bivalve, próximas a seu ligamento (estrutura que une ambas as valvas). Inner surface of left valve 2. The apex of the cone, where the tip of the malleus is attached, is called the umbo. The freshwater mussel Mytilopsis leucophaeata showing the incurrent and excurrent siphons. These are not uniformly secreted since they can be influenced by environmental changes, such as temperature, food, stress, and disease. Superior to the umbo is a stripe called the malleolar stria which is the impression made by the rest of the handle of the malleus. jqshfp pvkzi vkdeu vzqmmv odhg qodp khefsi fpewe qdziwm sgvy bnzpww ldfcx lqfhhx fbpcp xjxqfp